1. What is the Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR)?

The Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a medical test used to detect and monitor kidney disease by measuring the amount of albumin (a protein) in the urine relative to the amount of creatinine. It helps identify early signs of kidney damage, particularly in individuals with diabetes or hypertension.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ACR formula:

Where:

• \( Albumin \) — Amount of albumin in milligrams (mg)
• \( Creatinine \) — Amount of creatinine in grams (g)

Explanation: The ratio normalizes albumin excretion to creatinine excretion, accounting for variations in urine concentration.

3. Importance of ACR Calculation

Details: ACR is a key marker for detecting early kidney damage, particularly microalbuminuria, which is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. Regular monitoring helps in early intervention and management of kidney disease.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter albumin in mg and creatinine in g. Both values must be greater than zero. The result is expressed in mg/g.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal ACR value?
A: Normal ACR is less than 30 mg/g. Values between 30-300 mg/g indicate microalbuminuria, and above 300 mg/g indicate macroalbuminuria.

Q2: Who should get an ACR test?
A: Individuals with diabetes, hypertension, or family history of kidney disease should be tested annually. It's also recommended for those with cardiovascular disease.

Q3: How should the urine sample be collected?
A: A random spot urine sample is typically used, though first-morning void is preferred as it is more concentrated and reduces variability.

Q4: Can medications affect ACR results?
A: Yes, certain medications like ACE inhibitors or ARBs can reduce albuminuria. Always inform your doctor about all medications you're taking.

Q5: What factors can cause false elevations in ACR?
A: Vigorous exercise, fever, urinary tract infections, menstruation, and dehydration can temporarily increase albumin excretion.